Clear requirements and planning
Purpose: Determine the type of items to be stored (such as food, medicine, chemicals). Different items have different requirements for temperature and humidity (such as frozen food needs to be below -18℃, and vaccines need 2~8℃).
Capacity and layout: Design the size of the warehouse according to the inventory, reserve channels and operating space, and reasonably divide different temperature zones (such as pre-cooling room, freezing room, and cold storage room).
Insulation and moisture-proof design
Insulation material: Choose polyurethane (PU) or polystyrene (EPS) sandwich panels, and the thickness is determined according to the temperature difference (-18℃ cold storage is recommended to be more than 150mm).
Moisture-proof layer: Set a moisture-proof vapor barrier (such as aluminum foil or PE film) on the high-temperature side (such as the exterior wall) to avoid cold bridges (use a broken bridge structure to block heat conduction).
Selection of refrigeration system
Compressor type: Piston type for small cold storage, screw type or vortex type for large cold storage; low-temperature storage requires a cascade system.
Refrigerant selection: environmentally friendly refrigerants (such as R404A, R507A), avoid using refrigerants that are gradually being phased out (such as R22).
Evaporator: select air coolers for high humidity environments, and select exhaust pipe type for low dry consumption.
Temperature control and safety
Accurate temperature control: use PLC or microcomputer control system, temperature fluctuation range ±1℃ (drug warehouse requires ±0.5℃).
Alarm system: alarm for temperature exceeding the standard, power failure, door not closed, and link backup power supply or notify management personnel.
Emergency power supply: configure diesel generator or UPS to ensure continuous operation of the refrigeration system during power failure.
Structural safety and compliance
Load-bearing design: ground load must meet the requirements of shelf or forklift operation (such as 5 tons/m²), and use non-slip floor.
Fire protection specifications: insulation materials must be B1 flame retardant, and electrical equipment must meet explosion-proof requirements (chemical cold storage).
Regulatory standards: follow the "Cold Storage Design Specifications" (GB50072), "Ammonia Refrigeration System Safety Specifications", etc.
Energy-saving optimization
Equipment energy efficiency: select variable frequency compressor, electronic expansion valve, COP value (energy efficiency ratio) ≥3.0.
Automatic defrosting: intelligent defrosting according to the frost situation to reduce energy consumption.
Lighting system: LED light + motion sensor (human body induction), reduce heat load.
Other details
Door design: electric sliding door or fast rolling door, add air curtain machine to reduce cold loss.
Drainage system: ground slope ≥2%, drainage pipe heating antifreeze.
Ventilation: high temperature cold storage (such as above 0℃) needs regular ventilation to avoid odor and condensation.
Maintenance and management
Regular maintenance: check refrigerant leakage, condenser cleaning, door seal aging, etc.
Monitoring system: remotely monitor temperature and humidity, equipment status, and record data for future reference (pharmaceutical GMP requirements).