The entire process is divided into two independent circulation systems:
Primary Circuit:
High-temperature hot water (typically 90-130°C) from the district heating plant flows through insulated underground pipes into the building's district heating unit.
The hot water flows through a plate heat exchanger, transferring its heat to the secondary water on the other side.
After releasing heat, the cooled primary water returns to the district heating main and is pumped back to the heat source plant for reheating.
Secondary Circuit:
Cold water from the building flows through the other side of the plate heat exchanger, absorbing the heat transferred from the primary water and raising its temperature.
A circulating water pump delivers the heated water to the building's heating system (radiators, floor heating coils) and domestic hot water tank.
After cooling in the radiators, the water flows back to the heat exchanger within the unit for further heating, repeating the cycle.
advantages
Energy Efficiency
Utilizing centralized heat sources such as cogeneration plants, industrial waste heat, and large, high-efficiency boilers is far more efficient than individual household boilers.
Environmental Emission Reduction
Centralized pollutant treatment effectively improves regional air quality. Emission reduction is particularly significant when using renewable energy or waste heat.
Safety and Reliability
Eliminating the need for a separate boiler room within the building eliminates the risk of fire, explosion, or carbon monoxide poisoning. The heat source plant is professionally operated and maintained, ensuring high reliability.
Space Saving
Eliminating the need for a boiler and flue in each household eliminates the need for a boiler room within the building, increasing usable floor space.
Convenience and Peace of Mind
Users do not need to purchase, maintain, or replace heating boilers; they simply pay based on the amount of heat used.
Flexibility
A variety of heat sources can be sourced, including coal, gas, biomass, waste incineration, geothermal energy, and industrial waste heat.