International Design Requirements for Industrial Refrigeration Systems

The core focus is on controlling the environmental impact of refrigerants. In compliance with the Montreal Protocol and the Kigali Amendment, high ozone depletion potential (ODP) refrigerants are phased out, high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants are restricted, and low-GWP, zero-ODP natural refrigerants (such as ammonia and carbon dioxide) are promoted. Systems are required to have a low-leakage design, with annual leakage rates controlled to 0.1% to 3% depending on the refrigerant type. Recovery equipment must be installed, and intentional emissions are prohibited.

Mandatory standards include the coefficient of performance (COP) and part-load efficiency (IPLV). For example, large screw units must have a COP ≥ 3.0, complying with ISO 5149 or ASHRAE 90.1 standards. Promote the adoption of variable frequency technology, waste heat recovery, and the integration of renewable energy sources (such as solar-powered systems) to improve full-cycle efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint.

Based on ASHRAE 34, classify refrigerants according to their flammability and toxicity, providing targeted protection. High-risk refrigerant systems require explosion-proof equipment, forced ventilation (≥12 times/hour), and emergency shut-off valves. Pressure equipment must comply with EU PED or ASME standards, be equipped with overpressure protection and emergency response systems, and operators must be certified.

Reliability design emphasizes redundancy (such as "N+1" backup units) to avoid single points of failure. Materials must be compatible with the media (such as stainless steel for the food industry), suitable for extreme operating conditions, with reserved maintenance space and support for remote monitoring.