Shell-and-tube heat exchanger
| Product Details
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers, also known as tube‑bundle heat exchangers, feature a simple structure: they consist of a bundle of tubes enclosed within a shell. They are reliable in operation and can be fabricated from a wide range of materials, including carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, and other metals. Their versatility allows them to perform under high‑temperature and high‑pressure conditions, making them extensively used in industries such as chemical processing, petroleum, and energy.
Key Features
- High processing capacity (1–2000 m³/h)
- Wide range of material selection (Carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, and other metals)
- Stable and reliable operating condition
- Highly adaptable ( Applicable to almost all industries )
- Adapt to high temperature and high pressure (≤800℃; ≤6.0 MPa)
Classification of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
1. Fixed-tube-sheet heat exchanger: In a fixed-tube-sheet heat exchanger, the tube sheets at both ends of the tube bundle are integrally connected to the shell. This type is suitable for applications where the temperature difference between the tube side and the shell side is relatively small (below 70°C) and where mechanical cleaning of the shell side is not required. It can also be used in situations with a slightly larger temperature difference, provided that the shell-side pressure remains low (below 6 atm).
Advantages: simple and compact structure, capable of withstanding high pressures, low manufacturing cost, and convenient tube‑side cleaning.
2. U-tube heat exchanger: The U-tube heat exchanger is suitable for applications where there is a significant temperature difference between the tube side and the shell side, and where the shell-side fluid tends to foul and requires periodic cleaning, while the tube-side fluid remains clean and resistant to fouling. It is also well suited to operating conditions involving high temperatures, high pressures, and highly corrosive fluids.
3. U‑tube heat exchanger: U‑tube heat exchangers are commonly used in applications involving significant temperature fluctuations and large temperature differentials. Compared with fixed‑tube‑sheet heat exchangers, they have a more complex structure and higher manufacturing costs.
One end of the tubes is fixed to a stationary tube sheet, which is clamped between the shell flange and the tube‑box flange and secured with bolts; the other end of the tubes is attached to a floating head tube sheet, which is held between the floating head cover and the hook ring—both fastened by studs—thus forming a floating head that can move freely within the shell.
Advantages: 1. When the tube bundle and the shell expand thermally, they do not constrain each other, thereby avoiding thermal stress.
2. The floating head assembly consists of a floating head tube sheet, a hook ring, and a floating head cover, forming a detachable joint that allows for easier extraction of the tube bundle, enabling cleaning both inside and outside the tubes, and facilitating maintenance.
Keywords:
Heat exchanger
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